ADJECTIVE
adalah suatu kata yang menerangkan noun (kata benda) atau pronoun (kata ganti).
1.
Noun (kata benda)
– The
class is
good
= kelas itu bagus (good menerangkan clausa)
– My
books are thick
=
buku saya tebal (thick menerangkan book)
–
This is big building
= ini adalah sebuah
gedung yang besar ( big menerangkan building)
1.
Pronoun (kata ganti)
– he
is clever
= ia pandai (clever menerangkan he)
– she
is beatiful
= ia cantik (beautiful menerangkan she)
–
they are diligent
= mereka rajin (diligent menerangkan they)
ADVERB
adalah suatu kata yang menerangkan verb ,adjective, adverb yang lain atau
seluruh kalimat
1.
verb (kata kerja)
– he
is working hard = ia bekerja
keras (hard menerangkan working)
– the
train run quickly = kereta api cepat larinya
(quickly menerangkan runs)
– she
spaks loudly = ia
berbicara keras (loudly menerangkan
speaks)
The Difference between
Adjectives and Adverbs
The
Basic Rules: Adjectives
Adjectives
modify nouns. To modify means to change in some way. By modifying, adjectives
give more detail about the noun. For example:
ü “I ate a meal.” Meal is a noun. The reader does not know what
kind of meal this is, leaving a lot of room open for interpretation.
ü “I
ate an enormous meal.” Meal is a noun, and enormous is an adjective that
modifies it. It tells us what kind of meal the person ate. By using adjectives,
the writer gives the reader a better understanding of the noun.
Adjectives
clarify the noun by answering one of the following different questions: “What
kind?” or “Which?” or “How many?” For example:
ü “The
tall girl is riding her bike.” Tall tells the reader which girl the writer is
talking about.
ü “Our
old van needs to be replaced soon.” Old tells the reader what kind of van the
writer is describing.
ü “The
tough professor gave us the final exam.” Tough tells the reader what kind of
professor we’re talking about. Final tells the reader which exam.
ü “Fifteen
students passed the midterm exam; twelve students passed the final exam.”
Fifteen and twelve both tell the reader how many students; midterm and final
both tell the reader which exam.
So,
generally speaking, adjectives answer the following questions:
Which?
What
kind of?
How
many?
Some
Other Rules for Adjectives
Most
of the time, adjectives come before nouns. However, some adjectives actually
come after the nouns they modify. These adjectives will most often follow a
verb from this list:
be
feel
taste
smell
sound
look
appear
seem
Some examples:
“The dog is black.” Black is an adjective that modifies the
noun dog, but it comes after the verb is. (Remember that “is” is a form of the
verb “be.”) What kind of dog is it? A black dog.
“Brian
seems sad.” Sad describes the noun, Brian, not the verb, seems. Sad answers the
question “which way does Brian seem?”
“The milk smells rotten.” What kind of smell does the milk have? A
rotten one.
“The speaker sounds hoarse.” Hoarse answers the question “which way
does the speaker sound?”
“The ice-cream looks melted.” Here, melted does not describe the verb
looks. It describes the noun ice cream. What kind of ice cream does it look
like? Melted ice cream.
“Alex
feels sleepy.” What kind of way does Alex feel? Sleepy.
The Basic Rules: Adverbs
Adverbs
modify verbs, adjectives, and other adverbs. (You can recognize adverbs easily
because many of them are formed by adding -ly to an adjective, though that is
not always the case.) The most common question that adverbs answer is how.
Let’s
look at verbs first.
“She sang beautifully.” Beautifully is an adverb that
modifies sang. It tells the reader how she sang.
“The
cellist played carelessly.” Carelessly is an adverb that modifies played. It
tells the reader how the cellist played.
Adverbs
also modify adjectives and other adverbs.
“That
woman is extremely nice.” Nice is an adjective that modifies the noun woman.
Extremely is an adverb that modifies nice; it tells the reader how nice she is.
How nice is she? She’s extremely nice.
“It
was a terribly hot afternoon.” Hot is an adjective that modifies the noun
afternoon. Terribly is an adverb that modifies the adjective hot. How hot is
it? Terribly hot.
Adverbs
answer the question how. They can also answer the questions when, where, and
why.
“She
arrived late.” Late describes when she arrived.
“They
all went there for the party.” There is where they all went to the party.
“The
swim team practices every morning to develop good habits.” To develop good
habits acts as an adverbial infinitive phrase that explains why the swim team
practices every morning. Answering the question why usually requires an
infinitive phrase.
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